Western-centric bias:

Basing most psychological theories on WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) populations

Failing to account for diverse cultural perspectives on mind, behavior, and well-being

Overreliance on pathology model:

Focusing primarily on disorders and dysfunctions rather than understanding optimal functioning

Neglecting the study of positive traits and experiences

Mind-body dualism:

Treating mental processes as separate from physical processes

Underestimating the impact of bodily states on cognition and emotion

Reductionist approach:

Breaking down complex psychological phenomena into oversimplified components

Failing to consider emergent properties of the whole system

Neglect of consciousness:

Avoiding the study of subjective experiences due to methodological challenges

Underestimating the role of consciousness in behavior and decision-making

Overemphasis on nature vs. nurture debate:

Treating genetic and environmental influences as separate rather than interacting factors

Neglecting the role of epigenetics and gene-environment interactions

Linear causality assumption:

Oversimplifying cause-effect relationships in human behavior

Failing to account for complex, recursive, and systemic influences

Neglect of context:

Studying individuals in isolation from their social and environmental contexts

Underestimating the impact of situational factors on behavior

Overreliance on self-report measures:

Basing many psychological insights on potentially biased or inaccurate self-assessments

Neglecting unconscious processes and motivations

Cognitive bias in research:

Researchers' own biases influencing study design, interpretation, and publication

Confirmation bias leading to entrenchment of existing theories

Neglect of developmental perspective:

Focusing on snapshots of adult psychology rather than lifelong developmental processes

Underestimating the impact of early experiences on adult functioning

Overemphasis on quantitative methods:

Prioritizing statistical significance over practical significance or individual experiences

Neglecting rich, qualitative data that could provide deeper insights

Neglect of evolutionary perspective:

Failing to consider the evolutionary origins and adaptive functions of psychological traits

Overlooking how modern environments might mismatch with evolved tendencies

Artificial separation of cognition and emotion:

Treating thinking and feeling as separate, often opposing processes

Underestimating the role of emotion in decision-making and reasoning

Neglect of altered states of consciousness:

Dismissing non-ordinary states (e.g., meditation, psychedelic experiences) as irrelevant or pathological

Missing potential insights into the nature of consciousness and its alteration

Overreliance on trait theory:

Assuming stable personality traits across situations

Underestimating the flexibility and context-dependence of behavior

Neglect of systems thinking:

Focusing on individual psychology at the expense of understanding group and societal dynamics

Failing to consider how individual psychology emerges from and contributes to larger systems

Anthropocentric bias:

Assuming human psychology is unique and separate from animal cognition

Missing potential insights from comparative psychology and ethology

Overemphasis on verbal processes:

Focusing primarily on language-based cognition and communication

Neglecting non-verbal, embodied, and intuitive aspects of human experience

Neglect of spiritual and transcendent experiences:

Dismissing spiritual or mystical experiences as irrelevant or pathological

Missing potential insights into human motivation, meaning-making, and well-being